Elsayed, E., M, F., El Shahidy, M., EL-Senosy, R. (2023). Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ, 28(2), 353-366. doi: 10.21608/scvmj.2023.210396.1132
Eman K. Elsayed; Fawzy E M; Mohamed El Shahidy; Rania H. EL-Senosy. "Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt". Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ, 28, 2, 2023, 353-366. doi: 10.21608/scvmj.2023.210396.1132
Elsayed, E., M, F., El Shahidy, M., EL-Senosy, R. (2023). 'Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt', Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ, 28(2), pp. 353-366. doi: 10.21608/scvmj.2023.210396.1132
Elsayed, E., M, F., El Shahidy, M., EL-Senosy, R. Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal. SCVMJ, 2023; 28(2): 353-366. doi: 10.21608/scvmj.2023.210396.1132
Field Evaluation of Sheep Pox Vaccine in Sheep and Goats in Egypt
1virology, faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez Canal university, Ismailia, Egypt
2virology, faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez canal university
3Professor of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University
4Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
The Capripoxvirus (CaPVs) genus includes Sheep pox virus (SPV), Goat pox virus (GPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which poses cross-protection and related diseases of major economic importance. In the present study, living attenuated sheep pox vaccines (Romanian strain) was used to vaccinate sheep and goat to be evaluated under field conditions. Twelve susceptible sheep and goats (7 sheep and 5 goats) were intra-dermally vaccinated with live attenuated SPV vaccine. The humeral immunity was checked by double antigen ELISA while non-specific cellular immune responses were detected by measuring lysozyme concentration, nitric oxide concentration, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration by real-time PCR. Humeral immune response evaluation in vaccinated sheep showed that the immune response increased gradually at the 7th and 14th DPV and reached the highest level on the 28th day with a mean of 2.4. While in goats, antibody response begins at the 7th DPV, and the peak response was at the 28th DPV (2.2±0.106). The lysozyme concentrations in vaccinated sheep showed a gradual increase till reached their peak on the 14th day (76.3±2.378 µg /ml), while in goat's serum, the lysozyme concentrations gradually increased till reached 65.30± 5.37 µg /ml at the 7th DPV then decreased at the 14th & 28th DPV. Nitric oxide concentration in sheep serum showed a gradual increase till reached its peak at the 7th DPV and decreased at the 14th and 28th DPV, while in goat's nitric oxide concentration showed also a gradual increase till reached the peak at the 7th DPV and then decreased to the lowest level at 14th and 28th DPV. IFN-γ was expressed in vaccinated sheep at the 2nd DPV and then decreased at the 7th DPV, while in goats, IFN-γ was expressed at the 2nd DPV and decreased at the 7th DPV. In conclusion, ELISA, lysozyme and nitric oxide concentration, and Gamma interferon expression proved to be reliable and sensitive for the assessment of vaccine potency. Heterologous Capripox vaccine can be used efficiently for the control of pox disease in goats as efficiently as in sheep.
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